Downward parachute

Stimulus: Downward momentum toward a solid surface
Response: in the upper extremities: Extension of shoulders and elbows to support self
Response in the lower extremities:  Extension of hips and knees to support self.
Normal age of response: 4 months through adulthood

Source:  Dreeben p. 424

Protective in Standing

Staggering response at 15 to 18 months

Stimulus:  Loss of equilibrium
Response: Placement of lower extremities to reestablish equilibrium

Stepping strategy

Source: Dreeben p. 424

Protective Reactions in Sitting

Forward at 6 months
Lateral at 7 moths
backwards 9 months

Stimulus: Loss of equilibrium
Response: Extension of the arm to support the body and keep from falling

Source: Dreeben p. 424

Tilting Reactions

Onset
In prone 5 to 7 months
In supine 7 to 9 months
sitting  8-11 months
quadruped 9-12 month
standing 12 to 18 months

Stimulus:  instability at the base of support
Response:  Abductions of arm, leg and concavity of the spine toward the upward side

normal are of response: 5 months through adulthood

Source:  Dreeben p. 424

Labyrinthine Righting

Normal age of response 1 month through adulthood
Stimulus: Body tilted with respect to upright with eyes blindfolded
Response:  Head orients to upright position


Source: Dreeben p. 424

Optical righting

Normal age of Response:  1 month through Adulthood
Stimulus:  Body tilted with respect to upright position
Response:  Head orients to upright position

Source: Dreeben p. 424

Body Righting on Body

Onset:  4th month
Stimulus: Body in contact with solid horizontal surface
Response: The body orients itself to gravity.
Integration: 5 years


Source: Dreeben p. 424